![]() However, the agricultural industry faces a number of issues related to the low quality of seed germination and seedling vigor in holy basil, which leads to decrease in crop yields. In 2020, holy basil was used to as an adaptogens protect the body from physical and mental stress which is estimated to expand not less than 1.5 billion USD according to. Holy basil is an important commercial species with estimated annual trade of 2,000 to 5,000 metric tons in India 15. Currently, holy basil is highly demanded in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries around the world, especially in South-east Asia countries, it is used to alleviate nausea, vomiting, antistress, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic as well as reduce fevers, for coughs and colds, and for influenza 11, 12, 13, 14. The great popularity of holy basil sets a continuing demand for seeds and thus for seed production 10. These pharmacological findings have provided a scientific foundation for using holy basil in medicinal purposes. The amount of these components varies on the kind of soil, as well as harvesting, processing, and storage methods 9. Phenolic compounds in holy basil extracts, including eugenol, cirsilineol, isothymusin, isothymonin, rosmarinic acid 6, orientin, and vicenin 7, have been identified as good antioxidant compounds, while zinc, an antioxidant mineral, has been found to be significantly high in holy basil 8. Antioxidant activity of components in holy basil is one of main causes of its pharmacological actions. Moreover, holy basil has traditionally been used treat a variety of diseases including headaches, coughs, respiratory illnesses, diarrhea, constipation and kidney malfunction 5. Essential oils extracted from fresh leaves and flowers can be used as additives in food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics 4. The leaves can be used fresh or dried for spice. Holy basil is an aromatic herb commonly used to supplement a distinctive scent and taste. It is also a well-known flavoring agent and essential oil that has antioxidative and antibacterial properties 3. Holy basil can be divided into two major types using distinct morphological characters: (1) red or purple holy basil has dark green leaves with reddish purple stems, and (2) green or white holy basil has medium green leaves with light green stem 2. Holy basil ( Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Labiatae) is a self-pollinating plant found throughout tropical regions 1. These findings could be useful in developing seed priming and light treatments to enhance seed germination and seedling quality of holy basil resulting in increased crop production under PFAL. Additionally, pre-cultivated seedlings under the green spectrum showed significant improvement in the early plant growth for all holy basil varieties at 15 days after transplanting by promoting stem length, stem diameter, plant width, fresh weights of shoot and root, and dry weights of shoot and root. It was found that the green spectrum positively affected shoot and root length, and also decreased shortened MGT at 0 and 0.4% KNO 3 when compared with other light treatments. Experiment 2 investigated the effect of four light spectra on seed germination and early plant growth by sowing with 0 and 0.4% KNO 3 and germinating for 15 days continuously under different monochromatic light settings: white, red, green and blue in PFAL. Results show that sowing holy basil seeds in 0.4% KNO 3 enhanced seed germination percentage (GP) and germination index (GI), while decreasing mean germination time (MGT). Experiment 1 investigated the effects of KNO 3 concentration (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%) on germination of seeds primed for 24 h under white Light emitting diodes (LED). ![]() The present study investigates the optimal KNO 3 concentration for seed germination, and the influence of different light spectra on early plant growth in holy basil ( Ocimum tenuiflorum) under a PFAL system. However, there are a number of issues relating to low quality of seed germination and seedling vigor that lead to decreased crop yields. The plant factory with artificial light (PFAL) is a novel cultivation system of agriculture technology for crop production under controlled-environment conditions.
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